Proteins+Honors

**__PROTEINS__**
A protein is a large complex molecule made up of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins perform a wide variety of activities in the cell. Proteins are the structural components of cells as well as managers and receivers between cells. It is a polymer constructed from a set of 20 kinds of monomers called amino acids. They are responsible for almost all of the day-to-day functions of an organism
 * WHAT IS A PROTEIN?**

An **amino acid** is a small molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. It also contains two sulfur atoms.
 * Cells** make proteins by linking building blocks called amino acids.
 * 20** is the amount of C, H, O, N, and S atoms, depending on, and giving unique structure to, each amino acid.




 * THE VARIOUS STRUCTURES OF A PROTEIN ARE AS FOLLOWS:**

Proteins are essential to life. They make up over 50% of the dry mass of animals. Many of an organism's proteins are enzymes. Ferritin, a storage protein which store iron in the spleen. Hemoglobin, a transport protein which carries oxygen in blood.
 * WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS?**
 * Some examples of functions are:**

An enzyme is the main catalyst of chemical reactions in organisms. Enzymes effect most of the reactions involved in metabolism and catabolism. They also can also act on other proteins to add or remove chemical groups. The function of an enyzme is to break down starch into simple sugar gluclose.
 * WHAT IS AN ENZYME?**


 * PROTEINS ARE MADE UP OF:**
 * Carbon** which is a naturally occurring, common element with an atomic number of 6.




 * Hydrogen** which is a highly flammable, colorless, odorless, gas that is chemically combined with oxygen to form water.
 * Oxygen** which is a chemical element with the chemical symbol 0 and an atomic number of 8.
 * Nitrogen** which is a common nonmetallic element that is normally colorless, odorless and tasteless.

Peptide bonds are covalent bonds formed between amino acids.
 * WHAT ARE PEPTIDE BONDS?**

These are formed when additional peptide bonds form resulting in a long chain of amino acids. Hydroloysis is when a chemical compound is broken down into two or more simpler compounds by reacting with water. The proteins are broken down in the body by hydrolysis that is catalyzed by enzymes in the digestive tract.
 * HOW ABOUT A POLYPEPTIDE?**
 * WHAT IS HYDROLYSIS?**

It is the process of linking together monosaccharides, which is a simple carbohydrate.
 * WHAT IS DEHYDRATION SYSTHESIS?**

http://www.youtube.com/v/NJxobgkPEAo http://webhost.bridgew.edu/fgorga/proteins/default.htm http://www.friedli.com/herbs/phytochem/proteins.html http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docId=3749547785404959296&hl=en
 * ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON PROTEINS CAN BE FOUND AT:**